{"id":4338,"date":"2023-02-18T10:12:57","date_gmt":"2023-02-18T08:12:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/almenda.org\/en\/?p=4338"},"modified":"2023-02-20T11:29:34","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T09:29:34","slug":"the-long-way-home-how-russian-federation-deports-and-assimilates-ukrainian-children-and-youth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/almenda.org\/en\/the-long-way-home-how-russian-federation-deports-and-assimilates-ukrainian-children-and-youth\/","title":{"rendered":"The long way home: how Russian Federation deports and assimilates Ukrainian children and youth"},"content":{"rendered":"

The new stage of the Russian war against Ukraine has signified with a mass transfer of population from the \u2018newly\u2019 occupied territories of Ukraine (Kherson and Zaporizhzhia) into earlier occupied territories (\u0421rimea) or even in Russia. Ukrainians residing on recently captured territories are actively \u201cencouraged\u201d by the occupational administrations to relocate to Russia or Russia-occupied territories \u2013 via the <\/span>promises of financial assistance<\/span><\/a> and special mortgage conditions for purchasing accommodation, safety from active hostilities, and when it doesn\u2019t work, get displaced by force or coercion. These practices also n<\/span>egatively affect Ukrainian children<\/span><\/a>, including most vulnerable of them, such as children deprived of parental care, orphans, children whose parents were killed by the Russian forces and children with disabilities.<\/span><\/p>\n

It has been observed that Russian officials use the guise of \u201cholidays\u201d and vacation schemes <\/span>to justify transfer of Ukrainian children<\/span><\/a> to Russia and Russian-occupied Crimea, which <\/span>results in<\/span><\/a> prolonged stay and de-facto attempted assimilation. According to the “Children of War” web portal, approximately  13 916 children are estimated to have been deported to Russia till 20 January 2023, while as of February 2023 <\/span>it was possible to return only 125 children<\/span><\/a> to Ukraine. Based on the open-source data, <\/span>Yale HRL<\/span><\/a> estimated that least 6,000 children from Ukraine ages four months to 17 years have been held at Russian recreational camps and other facilities since 24 February 2022, albeit the total number is unknown and can be significantly higher.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0421\u0421E \u201cAlmenda \u201d has actively documented information regarding children\u2019s camps in monthly monitoring reports \u201c<\/span>Universal soldier<\/span><\/a>\u201d and has comprehensively described how Russia used children\u2019s camps for militarization and attempted assimilation with children\u2019s camps during summer holidays. However, Russian practice of stealing Ukrainian children under the guise of \u201crecreation\u201d was not limited to summer period and will be further explored in this article, as well as legal qualification of such actions. <\/span><\/p>\n

The long Summer: how camps are used for indoctrination <\/b><\/h2>\n

During <\/span>Summer of 2022<\/span><\/a> recreational camps in Crimea were used to destroy Ukrainian identity of children from occupied Crimea and the territories of Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions occupied in 2022, as well as from the occupied territories of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. The program of those camps was far from a purely recreational character, but rather <\/span>specifically designed <\/span><\/a>to form loyalty to the Russian Federation, promote military service in the Russian Federation\u2019s armed forces and showcase support for the Russian war against Ukraine.<\/span><\/p>\n

However, these practices resumed in the new school year, as in September 2022 information regarding the new wave of departure of children from <\/span>Kherson<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Zaporizhzhia<\/span><\/a> regions to the recreational camps in Russia and temporarily occupied Crimea began to appear. To facilitate this process, the dates of the school holidays were changed accordingly by the occupational administrations. According to the <\/span>order <\/span><\/a>of the so-called \u201c<\/span>administration of Kherson region<\/span><\/a>\u201d, the school autumn break has been extended until 25 October 2022 and <\/span>first shifts <\/span><\/a>in the recreational camps for mentioned categories of children have started on 11 October 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n

According to the Russian Deputy Prime Minister <\/span>Marat Khusnullin<\/b><\/a>, several thousand children from Kherson region were hosted in recreational camps in Russia [and occupied Crimea] during Autumn 2022,<\/span> and some were \u201c<\/span>evacuated<\/span><\/a>\u201d (which in Russian\u2019s newspeak is used as an euphemism for \u2018deportation\u2019) along with educational institutions. Children from Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions were identified at the <\/span>[temporarily occupied] Crimea,<\/b> Krasnodar<\/b><\/a>,<\/b>Stavropol and Rostov<\/b><\/a> regions (Russian Federation)<\/b>. The identified locations in the Crimea include: Luchysty [\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439], Mechta [\u041c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430], Druzhba [\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430], Zdravnitsa [\u0417\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430], <\/span>Chaika<\/span><\/a> [<\/span>\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/span><\/a>], <\/span>Radiant<\/span><\/a> [\u0420\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442], <\/span>Artek<\/span><\/a> [\u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u043a], <\/span>Laspi<\/span><\/a> [\u041b\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438]. Some children with their parents and children from orphanages from the Kherson region were \u201c<\/span>accompanied<\/span><\/a>\u201d to Anapa (<\/span>Kransodar<\/b> region) by employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.<\/span>  However, the exact number of deported children is unknown and geographical scope of deportation destinations can be significantly wider. <\/span><\/p>\n

Most vulnerable under attack<\/b><\/h2>\n

Some children were simply abducted from the Ukrainian institutions: for example, on 21 October 2022 around <\/span>50 children<\/span><\/a> aged from 4 months to 4 years, including children with disabilities were forcibly transferred to Crimea from a Kherson orphanage by the Molodaya Gvardiya branch of the \u2018United Russia\u2019 party. The earlier attempt by the locals to transfer children to the Ukrainian government-controlled territory and later to Poland was deliberately sabotaged by the occupational administration. Hence, children were de-facto abducted and their current whereabouts are unknown. <\/span><\/p>\n

In February 2023 <\/span>it was reported<\/span><\/a> that some of the children abducted from Kherson orphanages were hosted in the infamous \u201cYelochka\u201d orphanage (located in the occupied Crimea), which local journalists compare with a \u201cconcentration camp\u201d due to continuous mistreatment of children by the staff. Per working program of the camp, Ukrainian children can also be subjected to “patriotic education” conducted by the camp\u2019s staff, that should teach on Crimea being located \u201cis in the south of Russia” and make feel “as a citizen of multinational Russia”. These children are also under a risk of adoption, due to the simplified procedure introduced by Vladimir Putin and curated by <\/span>Mariya Lvova-Belova<\/b> as the child\u2019s ombudsman. It is estimated that at least <\/span>400 Ukrainian children<\/span><\/a>, including those who have living parents or legal guardians in Ukraine, have already been adopted by the Russian families.  That does not only constitute a grave violation of the children\u2019s rights during armed conflict in the context of prohibition of abduction, but is de-facto demonstrating a pattern of attempted assimilation within the policy of the Russian Federation against Ukrainian children. <\/span><\/p>\n

Point of no return?<\/b><\/h3>\n

 Some of the unaccompanied children who arrived in camps in <\/span>October 2022<\/span><\/a> still remain in Crimean recreational camps (as of January 2023) and continue their studies, which is facilitated by the so-called \u201cMinistry of Education, Science and Youth of the Republic of Crimea\u201d and \u201cRepresentative Office of the Kherson region in the Republic of Crimea\u201d.  As of January 2023 about <\/span>128 children<\/span><\/a> were reported to remain in Evpatoriya camp; in some instances, parents of those children are currently residing at the liberated Ukrainian-controlled part of the region and children are not allowed to return there by the camps\u2019 administration.  On <\/span>03 February 2023<\/span><\/a> the so-called \u201cDeputy Governor of the Kherson region\u201d Tatyana Kuzmich visited 103 Kherson children at “Luchisty” camp in Yevpatoriia (Crimea)  and 5 children in the “Zdravnitsa” sanatorium (Yevpatoriia), who are accompanied by teachers from Kherson region. Children are said to take part in cultural and educational events and receive training in all subjects of the school course \u2013 per Russian curriculum.<\/span><\/p>\n

It is known about at <\/span>least one case<\/span><\/a> when camp\u2019s administration refused to let a 14-year-old Ukrainian boy return to this mother in Kherson, allegedly due to her \u201cpro-Ukrainian position\u201d; and another girl was transferred from Crimean camp to Adygeya republic (Russian Federation) without her mother\u2019s prior notification and consent.  Parents who wish to reunite with their children, have to go through numerous obstacles to get to the Russian or Russa-occupied territory and bring their children back themselves. Children who returned from these camps <\/span>mentioned<\/span><\/a> threats from the occupational administrations to give them for adoption in Russian families, psychological pressure with being forced to listen to the Russian anthem and bullying due to their Ukrainian ethnic origin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Some children who stay in such camps <\/span>are asking their parents<\/span><\/a> to come visit them in Crimea and <\/span>it was reported<\/span><\/a> that the so-called administration of the Crimea is ready to facilitate parent\u2019s relocation to Crimea or Russian regions. So, such relocation of children could be an additional instrument to motivate people to further move to Russia or Russia-occupied territories. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cUniversity shifts\u201d program<\/b><\/h3>\n

The Russian President Vladimir Putin in <\/span>his instruction<\/span><\/a>s to the Russian State Council specifically mentioned implementation of “University Shifts” [\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b] programs on the basis of educational institutions of higher education for 2023. The Russian media <\/span>have recently announced<\/span><\/a> that a new stage of the \u201c<\/span>University shifts\u201d program will start during Spring break in March 2023 \u2013 and will cover Russia and Russia-occupied territories. The program initially started in <\/b>June-September 2022 with <\/span>Putin personally ordering<\/span><\/a> the Ministry of Science and Higher Education (headed by <\/span>Valeriy Falkov<\/b>) and <\/span>Ministry of Education<\/span><\/a> (headed by <\/span>Sergey Kravtsov<\/b>)<\/span> of the Russian Federation to <\/span>implement it<\/span><\/a>. The program is aimed at <\/span>conducting educational and recreational activitie<\/span><\/a>s for schoolchildren aged 12-17, including those from the so-called Donetsk and Luhansk \u201cPeople’s Republics\u201d, and occupied parts of <\/span>Kherson<\/span><\/a> and <\/span>Zaporizhzhia<\/span><\/a> regions. It should <\/span>popularize Russian culture and history<\/span><\/a> and provide career guidance for further <\/span>admission of Ukrainian children to Russian higher education institutions<\/span><\/a>. The “University shift” program was implemented in <\/span>42 Russian universities <\/span><\/a>(6 shifts with around 10,611 children and 840 mentors involved) and arguably has the <\/span>biggest geographical scope<\/span><\/a> \u2013 27 regions of the Russian Federation, as well as the occupied Crimea. Participants were given <\/span>educational lectures<\/span><\/a> on the history of Russia and the cultural history of the peoples of Russia, short-term educational intensives (lectures) on the following topics: “History of Russia in the Mirror of Culture”, “Russia\u2019s deed”, “Motherland of the Firsts”, “Russian World”.<\/span> Specialized shifts were held in the child\u2019s camp in <\/span>Litvinovo<\/span><\/a> (Moscow region, Russia) under the patronage of <\/span>Mariya Lvova-Belova,<\/b> for children from the so-called \u201cnew subjects of the Russian Federation\u201d (meaning Kherson and Zaporizhzhia). The program envisaged educational activities helping adapt to the Russian educational standards and visiting meaningful Russian cultural sites; Lvova-Belova <\/span>noted<\/span><\/a> that the \u201cwork\u201d with children will continue even after their departure.<\/span><\/p>\n

The Government of the Russian Federation <\/span>allocated funds<\/span><\/a> for the implementation of the project, covering travel, accommodation, and meals, which is an additional stimulus for the people from occupied territories to participate in such projects. <\/span><\/p>\n

Why would Russia actively facilitate this \u201crelocation\u201d?<\/b><\/h2>\n

But why would Russia spend so much money and resources on children\u2019s camps and recreation? It is known that <\/span>training in basic school subjects<\/span><\/a> was organized for children and teachers from the <\/span>Kherson region<\/span><\/a> for \u201cbetter adaptation\u201d to the <\/span>curriculum<\/span><\/a> of the Russian Federation, as well as <\/span>extracurricular and educational sessions<\/span><\/a> to highlight achievements of \u201csuccessfully developing regions of the Russian Federation\u201d. Regarding cultural component, the <\/span>walking tours<\/span><\/a> in Sevastopol were conducted in order to familiarize children from \u201cthe liberated territories\u201d [referring to Kherson children] with the history of Russia and the \u201cheroic past of Sevastopol\u201d.<\/span> Deported schoolchildren were also educated about Russian <\/span>music, science, as well as about Russia in general<\/span><\/a>, its traditions and culture, including the importance of Russian \u201cNational Unity Day\u201d and Russian youth movements.<\/span> The militaristic component was also present, as it\u2019s known about <\/span>61 Kherson schoolchildren<\/span><\/a> selected to undergo Summer \u201ccultural and educational programs\u201d in Nakhimov Naval School (Sevastopol, Crimea).<\/span><\/p>\n

Children were also ideologically influenced by activists of the <\/span>Russian Youth movements<\/span><\/a>, such as \u201cBolshaya Peremena\u201d [\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430], \u201cRossiyskoye Dvizhenie Schkol\u2019nikov\u201d [\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432] and \u201cYunarmia\u201d [\u042e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043c\u0438\u044f] who instructed on the traditions and symbols of Russia and talked about the opportunities that participation in children’s and youth movement grants in Russia. Therefore, under the guise of recreation and leisure Russian Federation is building a new tool to not only physically relocate Ukrainian children on its territory (or Russia-controlled territory), but to persuade them to adopt Russian identity and develop patriotic feelings towards Russia. <\/span><\/p>\n

Conclusions<\/b><\/h2>\n

It is estimated that around 6000 children were forcibly displaced; the exact number is unknown and could be much higher.  Some children were deported with their parents; some were separated from them and placed in temporary care institutions or recreational camps \u2013 and parents have faced significant obstacles while trying to bring their children back from de-facto Russian captivity. Children in recreational camps are actively trained to adapt to Russian school curriculum and educational system, are actively taught about the history of Russia and its culture and encouraged to feel pride for the Russian state. Russian youth movements are also actively promoting membership among Ukrainian children in recreational camps. Higher educational institutions of the Russian Federation are also actively involved in assimilatory activities for the Ukrainian children, with the \u201cUniversity shift\u201d program popularizing Russian history and culture and promoting studying in Russia.<\/span><\/p>\n

 Russa\u2019s highest political officials, including President Vladimir Putin and profile ministers <\/span>Kravtsov<\/b> and <\/span>Falkov<\/b> are involved in the process; <\/span>Mariya Lvova-Belova<\/b> as the child\u2019s ombudsman is curating projects aimed at forced displacement and assimilation of Ukrainian children, including via adoption.<\/span><\/p>\n

It can be argued that such practices can fall under the scope of the Genocide Convention and ICC Rome Statute in part of prohibition of forcibly transferring children from one group to another, which is qualified as genocide within the meaning of mentioned agreements. Abduction of children is also considered as one of 6 grave violations during armed conflict defined by the UN Security Council. The attempts to deprive children of their identity and instill loyalty to the Russian Federation are falling under the indoctrination framework, that was c<\/span>omprehensively described in Almenda\u2019s yearly report<\/span>. \u201cUniversity shifts\u201d program also calls for appropriate attention to the role of Russian higher educational institutions as direct accomplices and service providers of  Ukrainian children\u2019s assimilation. <\/span><\/p>\n

And lastly, the usage of recreation, play and leisure for instilling certain ideas within children\u2019s minds raises a question of whether it is possible under international law to deprive children of the right to develop their own identity under the guise of recreation and leisure. The international community, including national governments, international bodies and judicial bodies must not only take appropriate measures against the persons responsible for the abduction and further assimilation of Ukrainian children, but also reconsider approach as to children\u2019s protection during the armed conflict taking into account the new \u201cinstruments\u201d developed by the Russian Fedeation, including abduction and further assimilation at recreational facilities. <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n

This article was produced within the project \u00abEU Emergency Support 4 Civil Society\u00bb, implemented by ISAR Ednannia with the financial support of the European Union. Its contents are the sole responsibility of CCE \u201cAlmenda\u201d and do not necessarily reflect the views of the European Union.\n#\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u0454\u043c\u043e\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c #TeamEurope #MovingForwardTogether #ISAREdnannia<\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
The new stage of the Russian war against Ukraine has signified with a mass transfer of population from the \u2018newly\u2019 occupied territories of Ukraine (Kherson and Zaporizhzhia) into earlier occupied territories (\u0421rimea) or even in Russia. Ukrainians residing on recently captured territories are actively \u201cencouraged\u201d by the occupational administrations to relocate to Russia or Russia-occupied […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1109,"featured_media":4433,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[39],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe long way home: how Russian Federation deports and assimilates Ukrainian children and youth - Almenda<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/almenda.org\/en\/the-long-way-home-how-russian-federation-deports-and-assimilates-ukrainian-children-and-youth\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The long way home: how Russian Federation deports and assimilates Ukrainian children and youth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The new stage of the Russian war against Ukraine has signified with a mass transfer of population from the \u2018newly\u2019 occupied territories of Ukraine (Kherson and Zaporizhzhia) into earlier occupied territories (\u0421rimea) or even in Russia. 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